An Introduction to the Marxian Theory of Capitalist Development
Karl Marx was no dummy. In those days they had mega SCHOOL. Junior high there was like COLLEGE is here or like POST GRAD studies! In PRUSSIAN SUPER SCHOOLS, Karl got straight A's and understood ECONOMICS like the back of his hand, also PHILOSOPHY, and especially ECONOMIC PHILOSOPHY! The writings of HEGEL and FOURNIER and the whole bunch of geniuses walking around EUROPE in those days, the beginning of the INDUSTRIAL AGE.
However, here's the deal. What Karlito understood was so horrifying to him that instead of taking a cushy, high paying job as a UNIVERSITY PROFESSOR, which that PHD entitled him to, he chose a very hard road. He set out to be PAUL REVERE & ring the alarm bell and ride around saying the British are coming & tell the truth to everybody. He did it using the newspapers that would publish him. Most did --as editors didn't realize that his words were more than a ringing alarm bell they signaled the apotheosis of the rich exploiting the worker but publishers just saw 'Smart!' Edgy. Controversial. Sell papers with this guy.
By choosing to tell the truth, he veered away from TENURE & became a reporter/ editorial WRITER which was bad for Karl but good for YOU cuz if he were a teacher, he'd have left no tracks! NONE AT ALL. He'd have been busy earning money, eating, socializing instead of being a pariah. It's hard to hear but being a father and husband in a real brick and mortar home, really turns a guy into a sacrificing lamb. He never had any of that. He and the wife and kids lived in rented rooms. He was thrown out of more countries than a NYC smelly garbage barge. His family starved, froze, sickened and many of the kids even died. Remember, this wasn't California, or Berkeley It was EUROPE! The Marx's had to pick up and leave all the time as THE GOV got after him! Not just leave the city, but leave the country. The force of a GREATER HAND than is known to mere man must have been moving him thusly as he began to see the horrors of big cities during the Industrial age. The things Dickens wrote about and the things he didn't as they were too awful. The "PARISH CHILDREN" given away at birth by the million. abandoned at birth by women who had to work 15 hour days. 99% died in infancy. Only a few grew up to become CHIMNEY SWEEPS, covered in soot, dying of skin cancer, being burned alive inside chimneys as when it caught on fire they called the sweep. Marx saw it all and became the CONSCIENCE of more than one city, king and of capitalism itself and did so leaving tracks of newsprint all over EUROPE! Not that he was looking for it, but he gained international fame and did it accessing the EVILS OF CAPITALISM.. So what does KARL MARX TEACH us that's relevant to today, when we don't have sweeps? TYPING IS WHAT I FOUND ONLINE.
I. Capitalism as a Mode of Production is based on personal independence, but social dependence mediated by things – commodities. PEOPLE being one of them. CAPITALISM ENSLAVES! It's a rigged poker game designed to take all your work, tax you to the suffocation point, suck out your youth and leave you dried up, dead and discarded when it slyly will start the riff all over again with your children.
1. circulation of capital based on drive for endless accumulation of abstract wealth – exchange value
2. M =>C=> (M + m): commodities as means to more money
3. Modern capitalism = generalized production of commodities on basis of wage labor1. Labor itself becomes a commodity and it's one the rich can control somewhat! For instance, if salaries get too high, they can jimmy the economy, create a crash, scare the bejeezsus out of workers and get them to back off on pay! Destroying the power of all labor unions. It happened in AMERICA before your eyes and you didn't see their hands. They're regular HOUDINI's THE LIST GUILTY OF THE MELTDOWN
2. LABOR becomes a means for the rich guy to accumulate abstract wealth
3. reversal of means and ends is characteristic on Marxian critique of alienation/fetishism ??
4. abstract labor (socially necessary labor time – SNLT) allows equation and exchange of qualitatively different use values (commodities may be incommensurable as use values, but not as expressions of SNLT)
5. exchange value as form in which private labors are coordinated under social DOL ( DIVISION OF LABOR.) Exchange ratios embody ratios of SNLT, hence allocations of social labor).
6. ANARCHY OF MARKET reigns in the DIVISION OF LABOR. (The assignment of different parts of a manufacturing process or task to different people in order to improve efficiency, creating a speedy assembly line.)II. Accumulation based on extraction of surplus value (sv)
1. sv = difference between value of labor power (i.e., commodified abstract labor purchased by capitalist) and the value which labor power creates when it is brought into contact with means of prod and set into motion in the labor process.
2. for any given work day, value of labor power = SNLT to produce worker’s means of subsistance and thus reproduce the worker for another working day
3. for any given work day, value created by worker is potentially > SNLT of labor-power; i.e., surplus labor performed above and beyond necessary labor required for reproduction of worker;
4. sv is the source of profit
5. under competitive pressures, capitalists must attempt to increase magnitude of sv, and their ability to do so will be determined by class struggle1. absolute surplus value is extracted through lengthening of working day.
1. extension of period when surplus labor is performed
2. must eventually encounter physiological limits and/or political resistance2. relative sv extracted through intensified exploitation;
1. raises level of productivity
2. lowers SNLT for reproduction of worker by cheapening wage goods
3. reduces proportion of working day devoted to necessary labor; increases proportion devoted to surplus labor;
4. NOTE: because it is based increased productivity and lower costs of wage goods, relative sv can result in a situation where workers’ real standard of living is improving even as exploitation is intensified;# POWER OF CAPITALIST reigns in workplace i.e. division of labor. (Not one worker can alone by himself recreate the product.)
III. Capital Accumulation => intensified contradictions
1. rising proportion of constant capital (dead labor, embodied in means of prod) relative to variable capital (labor power, the source of all new value)
1. possible tendency toward falling rate of profit, if increasing rate of exploitation cannot be maintained (intensified labor and increased productivity)
2. surplus labor cast off as "reserve army"; enrichment of few entails impoverishment of many
1. if politically unmobilized, reserve army can undercut bargaining power of workers
2. however, unified political movement of workers and reserve army potentially destabilizing (hence danger of depression-era unemployed councils)3. concentration of social labor in capitalist org of prod raises possibility that workers will come to recognize their own socially productive powers, heretofore developed in distorted and self-limiting forms under capitalist relations of production
4. confluence of these tendencies ===> possible emergence of revolutionary subject, construction of socialism as association of producers
It's hard to understand but google these words he uses and you'll sooner or later get comfortable in the terminology of Mr Marx. HERR MARX. DR. MARX. The basic concept is, the rich guy (THE MASTER, the OLIGARCH, MANAGEMENT) really pulled the wool over your eyes, got you to undervalue your labor, took a lot of your hours doing stuff NO HUMAN would do as it's boring, repetitive, even bad for your health. And he will get away with it unless all workers put up a gershrei. That's SCREAM.TAKE NOTE OF THE FACT THAT THIS entire theft of labor PROCESS is CONSCRIPTED BY EMPIRE. Bought politicos implement the agenda of CAPITAL, whether related to wages, expansion of colonies, treaties like NAFTA, creating the destruction of unions, utter control of JOB MESS, EPA, CRUEL working conditions, all of it!
Some useful references on Marxian Value Theory:
1. Derek Sayer, Capitalism and Modernity (Routledge, 1991), esp. chapter 1.
2. Ben Fine, Marx’s Capital (Macmillan, 1989)
3. R. Wolff and S. Resnick, Economics: Marxian Versus Neoclassical (Johns Hopkins, 1987)
4. Robert Brenner, "The Social Basis of Economic Development" in J. Roemer, ed., Analytical Marxism (Cambridge, 1986); an otherwise dismal book.
5. Ernest Mandel, An Introduction to Marxist Economic Theory (Pathfinder, 1969).
6. Anthony Brewer, A Guide to Marx’s Capital (Cambridge, 1984)More advanced:
1. Harry Cleaver, Reading Capital Politically (Texas, 1979),
2. David Harvey, The Limits to Capital (Chicago, 1982)
MARX'S WRITING PARTNER ENGELS WAS THE SOULULAR PART OF THE HORSE
https://dissidentvoice.org/2009/01/frederick-engels-and-early-christianity/
One of AMERICA's GREAT ECONOMISTS warned "don't listen to OLIGARCHS about TRICKLE DOWN THEORY saving the POOR PEOPLE'S DINNER,
it is a lie, a faked experiment that never saw a phenomena called ALL BOATS RISE in a HIGH TIDE, it's a FALSE FORMULA :
http://walterewilliams.com/trickle-down-and-tax-cuts/
AND SEE THE SECRET FREUDIAN THEORY THAT MARX NEVER ADDRESSED, ==> FAT, RICH OLD MEN HATE YOUNG POOR VIGOROUS MEN BREEDING AND GETTING MEDICARE AND FOOD STAMPS and having BEAUTIFUL CHILDREN WHO WILL GROW UP LIBERAL PROGRESSIVE VOTERS. SEE: POOR PEOPLE ARE JUST TOO HANDSOME.
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